АК 47 (Kalashnikov's automatic device of the sample 1947.)
The decision on necessity of translation of the basic small arms on an intermediate cartridge was accepted in the USSR even during Great Domestic war. Such cartridge has been created by 1943, and under it there have been begun development of the whole family of the small arms including an autoloading carbine (SKS), the automatic device and a manual machine gun (RPD). Development of automatic devices on a competitive basis had been borrowed at once some designers and collectives, and among them - young sergeant of M. T.Kalashnikov worked at Izhevsk the Machine-building Factory (IJMAS). Per 1946 Kalashnikov alongside with other participants has presented on competition the sample of the automatic device where it has shown quite good results. For the second stage of the competition spent per 1947, Kalashnikov has fairly processed the automatic device, and in the modified kind that has been recommended to acceptance for arms. After initial army tests in 1949 Kalashnikov's automatic device officially is accepted on arms as " 7.62mm Kalashnikov's automatic device of the sample of 1947 ", or is simple АК (sometimes in addition designate АК-47). In original form АК-47 had the box of the combined design collected клепкой from and milled elements, however such design has appeared insufficiently rigid, and to mass production АК-47 has gone with milled a box. By 1959 АК on operating experience has been modified, and in 1959 on arms automatic device AKM - Kalashnikov's automatic device modernized, differed first of all is accepted by a box of the smaller weight, the butt raised upwards and the changed with great dispatch-trigger mechanism into which design has been entered operations курка (sometimes wrongly named замедлителем rate of shooting). Together with АКМ on arms the new bayonet-knife had an aperture in has been accepted also. That allowed to use it together with as for are sharp a wire. One more improvement which has appeared in АКМ, became introduction the equaliser, on a groove on a cut of a trunk. Instead of the equaliser on a trunk muffler PBS-1 demanding use of special cartridges with subsonic speed of a bullet can be established. АКМ it can be equipped 40мм with grenade cup discharge ГП-25. Aim adaptations AKM have received a marking up to 1000 meters instead of 800 meters on АК-47 (in any case, shooting from АК/АКМ on range over 400 meters - practically waste of cartridges).
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